F Y B Pharm notes

Third year B. Pharmacy notes

First Year Diploma Notes

First Year B. Pharmacy Notes 

HAP I/II (All units)

Extra notes

Pharmaceutical Analysis I (All units)

Pharmaceutics 

Unit 1: Notes

A) Introduction to dosage form notes PPT

1) Pharmacopeia PPT

2) Prescription PPT

3) Posology

4) History of Pharmacy 

Unit 2: Notes

A) Calculation 

B) Powders

C) Liquid dosage forms

Unit 2: Notes

Monophasic Liquids

A) Suspension 

Unit 4:

A) Suppositories

B) Pharmaceutical Incompatibility 

Unit 2: Semi-Solid dosage from

Emulsion Notes 

Emulsion PPT

SEM-II: COMPUTER APPLICATION

Second Year B. Pharmacy Notes

Pharmacology 

Physical Pharmacy

Pharmaceutical Engineering 

Final year 

50 MCQ HAP-II

Unit 1: Nervous System

1. Which of the following is not a part of the central nervous system?
   a) Brain
   b) Spinal cord
   c) Cranial nerves
   d) Cerebrum
   ➔ Answer: c) Cranial nerves

2. The basic structural and functional unit of the nervous system is the:
   a) Neuron
   b) Neuroglia
   c) Axon
   d) Dendrite
   ➔ Answer: a) Neuron

3. Which neuroglia forms myelin sheath in the central nervous system?
   a) Schwann cells
   b) Oligodendrocytes
   c) Astrocytes
   d) Microglia
   ➔ Answer: b) Oligodendrocytes

4. Nerve fibers that conduct impulses toward the cell body are called:
   a) Axons
   b) Dendrites
   c) Synapses
   d) Nodes of Ranvier
   ➔ Answer: b) Dendrites

5. Which of the following is the correct sequence for action potential?
   a) Resting → Depolarization → Repolarization → Hyperpolarization
   b) Depolarization → Resting → Hyperpolarization
   c) Hyperpolarization → Resting → Depolarization
   d) Repolarization → Depolarization → Hyperpolarization
   ➔ Answer: a) Resting → Depolarization → Repolarization → Hyperpolarization

6. Synapse is the junction between:
   a) Two neurons
   b) Muscle and neuron
   c) Gland and neuron
   d) All of the above
   ➔ Answer: d) All of the above

7. Which neurotransmitter is primarily excitatory in CNS?
   a) GABA
   b) Glycine
   c) Glutamate
   d) Serotonin
   ➔ Answer: c) Glutamate

8. The outermost layer of the meninges is:
   a) Pia mater
   b) Arachnoid mater
   c) Dura mater
   d) Subarachnoid space
   ➔ Answer: c) Dura mater

9. Cerebrospinal fluid is produced by:
   a) Arachnoid villi
   b) Choroid plexus
   c) Dura mater
   d) Pia mater
   ➔ Answer: b) Choroid plexus

10. Which part of the brain is responsible for coordination and balance?
    a) Cerebrum
    b) Cerebellum
    c) Medulla
    d) Pons
    ➔ Answer: b) Cerebellum

11. Reflex activity is controlled by the:
    a) Brain stem
    b) Cerebrum
    c) Spinal cord
    d) Hypothalamus
    ➔ Answer: c) Spinal cord

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Unit 2: Digestive System and Energetics

12. Which part of the digestive tract is responsible for the majority of nutrient absorption?
    a) Stomach
    b) Large intestine
    c) Small intestine
    d) Esophagus
    ➔ Answer: c) Small intestine

13. The primary role of pepsin in the stomach is to digest:
    a) Carbohydrates
    b) Lipids
    c) Proteins
    d) Nucleic acids
    ➔ Answer: c) Proteins

14. Which nerve stimulates acid production in the stomach?
    a) Glossopharyngeal nerve
    b) Vagus nerve
    c) Facial nerve
    d) Hypoglossal nerve
    ➔ Answer: b) Vagus nerve

15. The main digestive enzyme secreted by the pancreas is:
    a) Pepsin
    b) Amylase
    c) Bile
    d) Rennin
    ➔ Answer: b) Amylase

16. Bile is produced by:
    a) Pancreas
    b) Liver
    c) Stomach
    d) Small intestine
    ➔ Answer: b) Liver

17. The movement of food along the digestive tract is called:
    a) Peristalsis
    b) Segmentation
    c) Mastication
    d) Deglutition
    ➔ Answer: a) Peristalsis

18. Which disorder is characterized by inflammation of the colon?
    a) Ulcerative colitis
    b) GERD
    c) Peptic ulcer
    d) Appendicitis
    ➔ Answer: a) Ulcerative colitis

19. ATP stands for:
    a) Adenosine Triphosphate
    b) Adenosine Tetraphosphate
    c) Adenine Triphosphate
    d) Adenosine Diphosphate
    ➔ Answer: a) Adenosine Triphosphate

20. Which molecule acts as an immediate energy source in muscles besides ATP?
    a) Glycogen
    b) Glucose
    c) Creatinine phosphate
    d) Fatty acids
    ➔ Answer: c) Creatinine phosphate

21. Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) refers to:
    a) Energy spent during sleep
    b) Energy used during exercise
    c) Energy required at rest
    d) None of the above
    ➔ Answer: c) Energy required at rest

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Unit 3: Respiratory System and Urinary System

22. The functional unit of the lungs is the:
    a) Bronchi
    b) Bronchioles
    c) Alveoli
    d) Trachea
    ➔ Answer: c) Alveoli

23. Inspiration occurs mainly due to contraction of the:
    a) Diaphragm
    b) Abdominal muscles
    c) Intercostal muscles
    d) Pectoral muscles
    ➔ Answer: a) Diaphragm

24. Oxygen is mainly transported in blood by:
    a) Plasma
    b) Hemoglobin
    c) White blood cells
    d) Platelets
    ➔ Answer: b) Hemoglobin

25. Tidal volume refers to:
    a) Volume of air after forced inhalation
    b) Volume of air exchanged in a normal breath
    c) Residual volume
    d) Dead space air
    ➔ Answer: b) Volume of air exchanged in a normal breath

26. Artificial respiration is used in cases of:
    a) Heart attack
    b) Respiratory failure
    c) Muscle cramps
    d) Fever
    ➔ Answer: b) Respiratory failure

27. The structural and functional unit of the kidney is:
    a) Nephron
    b) Bowman’s capsule
    c) Glomerulus
    d) Loop of Henle
    ➔ Answer: a) Nephron

28. Which hormone regulates sodium and potassium balance in kidneys?
    a) Insulin
    b) Aldosterone
    c) Adrenaline
    d) Thyroxine
    ➔ Answer: b) Aldosterone

29. Urine formation involves all EXCEPT:
    a) Filtration
    b) Reabsorption
    c) Secretion
    d) Deglutition
    ➔ Answer: d) Deglutition

30. Micturition is the process of:
    a) Urine formation
    b) Urine elimination
    c) Urine storage
    d) Water reabsorption
    ➔ Answer: b) Urine elimination

31. RAS (Renin-Angiotensin System) is important for:
    a) Blood sugar regulation
    b) Blood pressure regulation
    c) Oxygen transport
    d) Acid-base balance
    ➔ Answer: b) Blood pressure regulation

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Unit 4: Endocrine System

32. Which gland is known as the master gland?
    a) Thyroid
    b) Adrenal
    c) Pituitary
    d) Pineal
    ➔ Answer: c) Pituitary

33. Thyroid gland secretes:
    a) Insulin
    b) Thyroxine
    c) Cortisol
    d) Prolactin
    ➔ Answer: b) Thyroxine

34. Insulin is secreted by:
    a) Alpha cells of pancreas
    b) Beta cells of pancreas
    c) Delta cells of pancreas
    d) Gamma cells of pancreas
    ➔ Answer: b) Beta cells of pancreas

35. Which hormone increases blood calcium levels?
    a) Calcitonin
    b) Parathyroid hormone
    c) Insulin
    d) Thyroxine
    ➔ Answer: b) Parathyroid hormone

36. The adrenal medulla secretes:
    a) Cortisol
    b) Aldosterone
    c) Adrenaline
    d) Thyroxine
    ➔ Answer: c) Adrenaline

37. Which hormone regulates sleep-wake cycles?
    a) Melatonin
    b) Insulin
    c) Thyroxine
    d) Cortisol
    ➔ Answer: a) Melatonin

38. Disorder caused by hyposecretion of insulin:
    a) Diabetes insipidus
    b) Diabetes mellitus
    c) Cushing's syndrome
    d) Addison's disease
    ➔ Answer: b) Diabetes mellitus

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Unit 5: Reproductive System and Genetics

39. The hormone responsible for secondary sexual characters in males is:
    a) Estrogen
    b) Progesterone
    c) Testosterone
    d) FSH
    ➔ Answer: c) Testosterone

40. Site of fertilization usually occurs in:
    a) Ovary
    b) Uterus
    c) Vagina
    d) Fallopian tube
    ➔ Answer: d) Fallopian tube

41. Process of sperm formation is called:
    a) Spermatogenesis
    b) Oogenesis
    c) Fertilization
    d) Ovulation
    ➔ Answer: a) Spermatogenesis

42. The structure that nourishes the fetus is called:
    a) Ovary
    b) Placenta
    c) Umbilical cord
    d) Amniotic sac
    ➔ Answer: b) Placenta

43. Menstruation is regulated by:
    a) Thyroxine
    b) Insulin
    c) Estrogen and Progesterone
    d) Cortisol
    ➔ Answer: c) Estrogen and Progesterone

44. Parturition refers to:
    a) Implantation
    b) Delivery of the baby
    c) Ovulation
    d) Fertilization
    ➔ Answer: b) Delivery of the baby

45. Genes are located on:
    a) DNA
    b) Chromosomes
    c) Ribosomes
    d) Mitochondria
    ➔ Answer: b) Chromosomes

46. DNA is made up of:
    a) Amino acids
    b) Nucleotides
    c) Fatty acids
    d) Polysaccharides
    ➔ Answer: b) Nucleotides

47. Protein synthesis occurs at:
    a) Nucleus
    b) Mitochondria
    c) Ribosomes
    d) Golgi body
    ➔ Answer: c) Ribosomes

48. The pattern of inheritance where traits are passed from parents to offspring is called:
    a) Translation
    b) Transcription
    c) Genetics
    d) Replication
    ➔ Answer: c) Genetics

49. Which molecule carries genetic instructions from DNA to ribosomes?
    a) tRNA
    b) mRNA
    c) rRNA
    d) snRNA
    ➔ Answer: b) mRNA

50. Which organelle is mainly involved in energy production?
    a) Nucleus
    b) Golgi apparatus
    c) Mitochondria
    d) Ribosomes